Introduction to Criminology 11th edition by Hagan

Introduction to Criminology, 11th edition by Hagan, published by Sage, explores why crime occurs and how societies define, measure, and respond to criminal behavior. The text introduces major criminological theories, research methods, crime patterns, victimization, violent crime, property crime, organized crime, white-collar crime, public order offenses, and criminal justice responses. Suitable for criminology, sociology, and criminal justice courses, it links classic perspectives with contemporary evidence and policy debates. Students can use the book to compare explanations of crime and to develop informed views about prevention, punishment, and social control.